Week 6 Discussion Board Describe the function of biochemicals (e.g., catecholamines and cortisol) that regulate the stress response. Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and cortisol are both released from the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress. Acute stress is considered beneficial due to the immunoboosting and chronic stress is considered immunosuppressive (McCance & Huether, 2019). Chronic stress can have a negative effect on multiple body systems and is a precipitating factor in many disease and health conditions (McCance & Huether, 2019; Lee et al., 2015). When a person experiences acute stress the central nervous system (CNS) is triggered and sends message to the hypothalamus which then releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) which then triggers the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Epinephrine is a short acting hormone that works in the brain, muscle, and heart (Rabasa & Dickson, 2016). Catecholamines work with cortisol to increase gluconeogenesis thus increasing blood glucose levels. This response help supply the energy the body needs to handle the increased stress level. In contrast to acute stress response, the chronic stress response causes a sustained release of glucocorticoid and neuropeptide Y. This leads to damage in the hippocampal and cortical neurons so that the cortisol levels in the blood remain elevated beyond the physiological need. Continuous elevation can lead to immune suppression, weight gain, and chronic fatigue (Lee et al., 2015).
Lee, D. Y., Kim, E., & Choi, M. H. (2015). Technical and clinical aspects of cortisol as a biochemical marker of chronic stress. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48(4), 209-216. McCance, K. L. & Huether, C. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children . (8 ed.). Elsevier Rabasa, C. & Dickson, S. L. (2016). Impact of stress on metabolism and energy balance. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 9, 71-77. Response 1 Kimberli, Describe the pathological processes of demyelinating disorders. Include a discussion of both central (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and peripheral (e.g., Guillain-Barre syndrome) demyelinating disorders. While referencing multiple publications in preparation for this discussion, I soon realized there are many schools-of-thought regarding the assessment, interventions and the evaluation for many of the demyelinating disorders. There is however is a clear consensus and understanding about the causative factors associated with the demyelination pathology. The term demyelination describes a pathologic process of destruction of myelin-supporting cells, that is, oligodendrocytes and schwann cells in the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively and/or the myelin lamellae with relative preservation of axons. Several conditions cause damage to the inherently normal myelin of central nervous system, peripheral nervous system or both central and peripheral nervous system and hence termed as central demyelinating diseases, peripher
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