Create a multimedia presentation (e.g., PowerPoint, Keynote) (suggested length of 10–12 slides) addressed to the International Council of Nurses

Disease and Population Selection

Disease: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Population: Indigenous communities in Australia, particularly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

This population has a disproportionately high prevalence of T2DM due to a combination of social, cultural, epidemiological, and environmental factors.

Presentation Outline

Slide 1: Title Slide

• Title: “Addressing Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous Australian Communities”
• Subtitle: “Social, Cultural, Epidemiological, and Environmental Influences”
• Presented by: [Your Name], Nurse, WHO

Slide 2: Overview of Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous Australians

• Key Points:
  • Indigenous Australians are 3-4 times more likely to develop T2DM than non-Indigenous Australians.
  • High rates of complications such as kidney disease, amputations, and cardiovascular issues.
  • Contributing factors include historical marginalization and systemic inequities34.

Slide 3: Social Factors

• Key Points:
  • Lower socioeconomic status limits access to healthcare and nutritious food.
  • High unemployment rates exacerbate stress and reduce opportunities for active living.
  • Overcrowded housing increases the risk of poor health outcomes4.

Slide 4: Cultural Influences

• Key Points:
  • Connection to culture is central to health; disruptions due to colonization have impacted well-being.
  • Traditional diets have been replaced with processed foods high in sugar and fat.
  • Distrust in healthcare systems due to historical injustices4.

Slide 5: Epidemiological Factors

• Key Points:
  • Rising prevalence of obesity is a major driver of T2DM.
  • Genetic predisposition combined with lifestyle changes increases risk.
  • The prevalence is expected to rise significantly without intervention36.

Slide 6: Environmental Factors

• Key Points:
  • Limited access to fresh food in remote areas leads to reliance on unhealthy options.
  • Lack of green spaces and safe areas for physical activity.
  • Poor water quality in some communities24.

Slide 7: Past Considerations

• Key Points:
  • Colonization disrupted traditional lifestyles and diets.
  • Historical policies marginalized Indigenous communities, limiting access to resources.
  • Lack of early prevention programs exacerbated the problem34.

Slide 8: Present Challenges

• Key Points:
  • High rates of undiagnosed or poorly managed diabetes.
  • Limited culturally appropriate healthcare services.
  • Ongoing socioeconomic disparities continue to drive health inequities47.

Slide 9: Future Considerations

• Key Points:
  • Projected increases in diabetes prevalence without intervention.
  • Need for sustainable, community-led solutions.
  • Focus on prevention through education and lifestyle changes67.

Slide 10: Recommendations for Improving Health Status

1. Culturally Tailored Healthcare Programs
   • Train healthcare workers in cultural competency.
   • Incorporate traditional knowledge and practices into diabetes management.
2. Community-Led Prevention Initiatives
   • Promote healthy eating through subsidies for fresh food.
   • Develop local exercise programs tailored to community needs.
3. Address Social Determinants
   • Improve housing conditions and reduce overcrowding.
   • Increase employment opportunities through targeted programs.

Slide 11: Justification for Recommendations

• Social Influences: Addressing poverty and education improves health literacy.
• Environmental Factors: Access to fresh food and safe spaces promotes healthier lifestyles.
• Cultural Influences: Respecting cultural practices builds trust in healthcare systems.
• Epidemiological Evidence: Prevention programs reduce obesity and diabetes incidence by up to 58%467.

Slide 12: Conclusion

• Collaborative efforts between governments, healthcare providers, and Indigenous communities are essential.
• A holistic approach addressing social, cultural, environmental, and epidemiological factors can significantly reduce the burden of T2DM among Indigenous Australians.

Notes for Presenter

Each slide should include detailed presenter notes elaborating on the key points listed above. Use visuals such as graphs showing diabetes prevalence trends, photos of Indigenous communities, or maps highlighting remote areas with limited resources.

Citations:

1. https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics
2. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/9/1609/151610/The-Impact-of-Neighborhoods-on-Diabetes-Risk-and
3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4282306/
4. https://health.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/1249290/diabetes-and-the-social-determinants-of-health-presentation-with-notes.pdf
5. https://midiabetesprevention.org/documents/Diabetes-Improvement-Plan-2021-2025.pdf
6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6125024/
7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10420388/
8. https://www.who.int/health-topics
9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7783927/
10. https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/disease-prevention/diabetes-prevention/preventing-diabetes-full-story/
11. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/treatment/
12. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/47/Supplement_1/S77/153949/5-Facilitating-Positive-Health-Behaviors-and-Well
13. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/art-20047963
14. https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html
15. https://www.cdc.gov/health-topics.html
16. https://www.fic.nih.gov/ResearchTopics
17. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/world-health-statistics
18. https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics
19. https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives
20. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates
21. https://www.who.int/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases
22. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
23. https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/gbd
24. https://www.who.int/health-topics/neglected-tropical-diseases
25. https://www.healthline.com/directory/topics
26. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00195/full
27. https://www.joghr.org/article/84191-cultural-factors-influencing-the-eating-behaviours-of-type-2-diabetes-in-the-british-south-asian-population-a-scoping-review-of-the-literature
28. https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes
29. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf
30. https://idf.org/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-figures/
31. https://www.ohsu.edu/school-of-medicine/moore-institute/social-determinants-diabetes
32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK581940/
33. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00207233.2024.2405452?af=R
34. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)02317-1/fulltext
35. https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/statistics/about-diabetes
36. https://www.who.int/initiatives/the-who-global-diabetes-compact
37. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5553206/
38. https://idf.org/media/uploads/2023/04/MVH_Primary-prevention-of-diabetes.pdf
39. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention/index.html
40. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3752182/
41. https://www.gov.scot/publications/diabetes-improvement-plan-diabetes-care-scotland-commitments-2021-2026/pages/4/
42. http://guidelines.health.go.ke:8000/media/Kenya_National_Diabetes_Strategy.pdf
43. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
44. https://www.diabetes.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-04/NDA%20Healthcare%20Improvement%20Plan%202023-25.pdf
45. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5016a1.htm
46. https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/diabetes
47. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/prevent-diabetes
48. https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics
49. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7295519/
50. https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease
51. https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics
52. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2690359/
53. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets
54. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index.html
55. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5800177/
56. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/about-type-2-diabetes.html
57. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20552076241271722?icid=int.sj-full-text.citing-articles.6
58. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes

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