For this assignment, think about a clinical topic, problem or question that interests you

Instructions

For this assignment, think about a clinical topic, problem or question that interests you and/or from your personal, professional, or clinical experiences. Come up with a paper approaching the problem/question using the five evidence-based practice guidelines discussed below. The problem/question will be related to nursing practice in some way. In other words, there needs to be nursing implications to addressing your question. Overall guidelines for each part of the project include:

***The Five Steps of Evidence Based Practice***

STEP ONE: Ask a clinical question which may interest you in PICO format. For example, are there pharmacologic interventions that have been effective in decreasing allergy symptoms in children? OR In children, what is the effect of pharmacologic interventions on allergy symptoms?

P= Population you are interested in (e.g., children under 5 years of age)

I= Intervention or interest (e.g., use of Singulair for allergies)

C= Comparison intervention or group (e.g., comparison of Singulair with control and another allergy medication)

O= Outcome (e.g., 20% decrease in allergy symptoms for experimental group as compared to control group).

Define your question using PICO. Your question should be used to help establish your search strategy. Submit the following information for your clinical question. First provide the following (use the below format):

Patient/Problem: __________________________

Intervention: __________________________

Comparison: __________________________

Outcome: __________________________

Then write out your PICO question (IF relevant to your question, add “T” for time frame) Template for Asking PICOT Questions

INTERVENTION In ____________________

(P), how does ____________________

(I) compared to ____________________

(C) affect _____________________

(O) within ___________

(T)? DIAGNOSIS OR DIAGNOSTIC TEST

In ___________________

(P) are/is ____________________

(I) compared with _______________________

(C) more accurate in diagnosing _________________

(O)? PROGNOSIS/PREDICTION In ______________

(P), how does ___________________

(I) compared to _____________

(C) influence __________________

(O) over _______________

(T)? Short Definitions of Different Types of Questions: Intervention: Questions addressing the treatment of an illness or disability. Diagnosis: Questions addressing the act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury through evaluation. Prognosis/Prediction: Questions addressing the prediction of the course of a disease.

SAMPLE PICO QUESTIONS

Intervention: In African American female adolescents with hepatitis B

(P), how does acetaminophen

(I) compared to ibuprofen

(C) affect liver function

(O)?

Diagnosis: In middle-aged males with suspected myocardial infarction

(P), are serial 12-lead ECGs

(I) compared to one initial 12-lead ECG

(C) more accurate in diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction

(O)? Prognosis/Prediction: For patients 65 years and older

(P), how does the use of an influenza vaccine

(I) compared to not received the vaccine

(C) influence the risk of developing pneumonia

(O) during flu season

(T)?

(Copyright, Ellen Fineout-Overholt, 2006)

*Be sure you include “compared to” in your clinical question using PICO.

STEP TWO: Conduct a literature search. Be sure to include also systematic reviews (e.g., the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and evidence-based practice guidelines (www.guideline.gov) in your search strategy.

STEP THREE: Review and Critically Appraise the evidence. Describe the problem and purpose of each research study. Describe the research methods, including process of data collection, sampling, and data analysis, for each research study What were the results of the study? Summarize the major findings and conclusions of each research study Critique the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods. The expectation is that you also cite your textbook, when describing research methods or criteria for evaluating research. Are the results valid? To answer this question, you need to critique the studies for validity-based on your critical appraisal of the literature, are the results valid? Are the findings clinically relevant to patient(s) identified? Do you believe this will work in practice?

STEP FOUR: Integrate evidence to implement a decision.

STEP FIVE: Evaluate the outcome. Students will not be evaluating the outcome in this assignment. This occurs in clinical practice.

The final research paper must be 5-7 pages in length, double-spaced, not counting the cover page and the reference pages. You must use at least 5 scholarly sources (current in the last 5 years) for your paper beyond the course textbook. Professional journal articles found in the Virtual Library will be key sources in researching your topic.  All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced and paraphrased; any quoted material must be placed in quotes, and must have accompanying APA style in-text citations. All paper assignments are submitted to Turnitin.com and your Similarity report should be at 20% or Less (see Plapiarism Policy in Week 1).

Research Paper Grading Rubric 100 points
Criteria	Ratings	Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIntegration of Knowledge	20 to >18.0 pts Expert The paper demonstrates that the author fully understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights. The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas. 18 to >16.0 pts Proficient The paper demonstrates that the author, for the most part, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Some of the conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper. 16 to >15.0 pts Apprentice The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. 15 to >0 pts Novice The paper does not demonstrate that the author has fully understood and applied concepts learned in the course.	20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTopic focus	20 to >18.0 pts Expert The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by statement of a position or hypothesis. 18 to >16.0 pts Proficient The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic but the writer has not established a position. 16 to >15.0 pts Apprentice The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment. 15 to >0 pts Novice The topic is not clearly defined.	20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDepth of discussion	15 to >13.5 pts Expert In-depth discussion & elaboration in all sections of the paper. 13.5 to >12.0 pts Proficient In-depth discussion & elaboration in most sections of the paper. 12 to >11.0 pts Apprentice The writer has omitted pertinent content or content runs-on excessively. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. 11 to >0 pts Novice Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections.	15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCohesiveness	15 to >13.5 pts Expert Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next without the need for headings. Author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. 13.5 to >12.0 pts Proficient For the most part, ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. Author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. 12 to >11.0 pts Apprentice Sometimes ties together information from all sources. Paper does not flow – disjointedness is apparent. Author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. 11 to >0 pts Novice Does not tie together information. Paper does not flow and appears to be created from disparate issues. Headings are necessary to link concepts. Writing does not demonstrate understanding any relationships.	15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSpelling and grammar	10 to >9.0 pts Expert No spelling &/or grammar mistakes. 9 to >8.0 pts Proficient Minimal spelling &/or grammar mistakes. 8 to >7.5 pts Apprentice Noticeable spelling & grammar mistakes. 7.5 to >0 pts Novice Unacceptable number of spelling and/or grammar mistakes.	10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSources	10 to >9.0 pts Expert More than the required number of current sources, peer-review journal articles, and/or scholarly books. Sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Special-interest sources and popular literature are acknowledged as such if they are cited. All web sites utilized are authoritative. 9 to >8.0 pts Proficient Missing 1 of the required number of current sources, peer-review journal articles, and/or scholarly books. Most sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Most special-interest sources and popular literature are acknowledged as such if they are cited. Most web sites utilized are authoritative. 8 to >7.5 pts Apprentice Missing 2 of the required number of current sources, peer-review journal articles, and/or scholarly books. Not many sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Some special-interest sources and popular literature are acknowledged as such if they are cited. Some web sites utilized are authoritative. 7.5 to >0 pts Novice Missing 3 or more of the required number of current sources, peer-review journal articles, and/or scholarly books. Sources do not include both general background sources and specialized sources. Few special-interest sources and popular literature are acknowledged as such if they are cited. Few web sites utilized are authoritative.	10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCitations	10 to >9.0 pts Expert Cites all data obtained from other sources. APA citation style is used in both text and bibliography. 9 to >8.0 pts Proficient Cites most data obtained from other sources. APA citation style is used in both text and bibliography. 8 to >7.5 pts Apprentice Cites some data obtained from other sources. Citation style is either inconsistent or incorrect. 7.5 to >0 pts Novice Does not cite sources.	10 pts
Total Points: 100

• List two-three factors that influence semantic development. For each, specify how a specific factor might affect a childs semantic development.
• Walden University PRAC 6635 WEEK 2 Practicum Experience Plan (PEP)-Step-By-Step Guide
• C717 Task 1 TechFite Corporate Policies
• C717 Task 2 Ethical Dilemma Analysis and Perspectives
• (no title)