A PICOT Starts With A Designated Patient Population In A Particular …..(Childhood Obesity)

A PICOT Starts With A Designated Patient Population In A Particular …..(Childhood Obesity)

Review the Topic Materials and the work completed in NRS-433V to formulate a PICOT statement for your capstone project.

A PICOT starts with a designated patient population in a particular clinical area and identifies clinical problems or issues that arise from clinical care. The intervention should be an independent, specified nursing change intervention. The intervention cannot require a provider prescription. Include a comparison to a patient population not currently receiving the intervention, and specify the timeframe needed to implement the change process.

Formulate a PICOT statement using the PICOT format provided in the assigned readings. The PICOT statement will provide a framework for your capstone project.

In a paper of 500-750 words, clearly identify the clinical problem and how it can result in a positive patient outcome.

Make sure to address the following on the PICOT statement:

1. Evidence-Based Solution
2. Nursing Intervention
3. Patient Care
4. Health Care Agency
5. Nursing Practice

solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, you are required to retrieve and assess a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed articles. an abstract is not required, CITE WEBSITE SOURCE.
Running head: CAPSTONE PROJECT TOPIC SELECTION AND APPROVAL 1

CAPSTONE PROJECT TOPIC SELECTION AND APPROVAL 2

Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval

Grand Canyon University: NRS-490

According to the American Heart Association (2018), one third of the children and adolescents are affected by obesity in the United States. Going into the millennium, its prevalence had tripled so much so that it is regarded as the number one health concerns among parents today. In other parts of the world, the problem is rapidly growing, and it affects middle class and low-income countries alike. A research conducted by Karnik & Kanekar (2012) estimated that over 41 million children in Africa and Asia under the age of five were found to be obese. Of these, it has been estimated that over 116,000 die each year. Comment by Melissa Reedy: This is a little awkward as written but contains great information, perhaps write it as a more of a comparative type of paragraph where you are introducing the issue of obesity in America but comparing to the fact that it is also an issue worldwide

Children with obesity have a higher risk of getting serious diseases like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, Diabetes type II, coronary heart disease, respiratory and stroke problems (Hales, Carroll, Fryar & Ogden, 2017). Additionally, most of them grow up with the condition, which results to more health issues that are psychological in nature, including low self-esteem, negative body image and sometimes depression. It is also true that excessive body weight is greatly associated with earlier risk of obesity-related induced disease and death in adulthood (Cunningham, Kramer & Narayan, 2014).

The occurrence of obesity in the United states of American can be attributed to the availability of “good- tasting” food with high calorie. Furthermore, these foods are not expensive, yet their health effects are disastrous. This, accompanied with a lack of physical activity and inactive behavior results to childhood obesity. All these factors are imparted by family characteristics and environmental factors. For instance, if parents cultivate the culture of eating junk food at home from a young age, chances are that their child will become obese. Watching TV and other inactive activities should also be discouraged lest children become dormant. Advertisements that encourage the consumption of junk food also attracts children into poor eating habits. It is also important to note that genetic factors of the family can also contribute to child obesity (Ebbeling, Pawlak, & Ludwig, 2002) Comment by Melissa Reedy: Capitalize Comment by Melissa Reedy: Calories and then comma Comment by Melissa Reedy: In

The impact of Child obesity goes beyond health-related issues as it can negatively impact the child’s social status. More often it brings anxiety, self- esteem and depression because obese children tend to be more vulnerable than the normal kids in school (Ludwig, 2018). It is also associated with eating disorders such as Bulimia Nervosa. All these affect the health of the child, its wellbeing and leads to poor performance because of the low quality of life the child is experiencing (Reilly, & Kelly, 2011). Comment by Melissa Reedy: No capitalization Comment by Melissa Reedy: I don’t know that I would use normal here because really what defines normal? Comment by Melissa Reedy: A child is not an it

Clearly, so much needs to be done to address this issue. First, environmental change is inevitable, and perhaps the key and solution to obesity in children. Instead of having vending machines in schools that are full of ‘junk’ foods, parents and schools should opt for healthier food options, emphasize on physical activities and constantly remind kids about the effects of unhealthy eating habits. The government should set tighter rules and regulation on advertisements of fast-foods by limiting them. All said and done, obtaining and maintaining an appropriate body weight is extremely important and the best way to achieve this is by doing it gradually. Children and adolescents should measure their weight relative to their height using the Body Mass Index (BMI) (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014).

In conclusion, families and the health care professionals should understand that childhood obesity is a serious issue in the society today. We ought to know that there is no approved medication for childhood obesity in American, for fact, the American association of pediatrician deter the use of such medication to control the weight in children. The current efforts to help tame it cannot be disregarded, but more needs to be done. Its effects are long lasting, meaning that it is threatening the future of millions of children that can easily be avoided. All healthcare practitioners should therefore join hands and fight it with all available means such as educating parents on how to promote healthy lifestyle for a greater future (Bleich, Segal, Wilson, & Wang, 2013).

Dami remember to include this in this paper:

1. The problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need that will be the focus of the project-you have well defined the issue and yes, some solutions but not YOUR solution-remember this is YOUR project-you need to define your problem and come up a solution to this problem that YOU are going to implement.
2. The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed-you need to give a specific setting-do you work in a school where you are noticing and increase in childhood obesity and you are going to tackle making the vending machines have more healthy choices?? You need to define your setting
3. A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need.
4. Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes.
5. Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing.
6. A proposed solution to the identified project topic-you need to be specific to what you are going to do for your proposed issue.

References

Bleich, S. N., Segal, J., Wu, Y., Wilson, R., & Wang, Y. (2013). Systematic review of community-based childhood obesity prevention studies. Pediatrics, 132(1), e201-e210.

Cunningham, S. A., Kramer, M. R., & Narayan, K. V. (2014). Incidence of childhood obesity in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(5), 403-411.

Ebbeling, C. B., Pawlak, D. B., & Ludwig, D. S. (2002). Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. The lancet, 360(9331), 473-482.

Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L. (2017). Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015-2016. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.

Han, J. C., Lawlor, D. A., & Kimm, S. Y. (2010). Childhood obesity. The Lancet, 375(9727), 1737-1748.

Karnik, S., & Kanekar, A. (2012). Childhood obesity: a global public health crisis. International journal of preventive medicine, 3(1), 1.

Ludwig, D. S. (2018). Epidemic Childhood Obesity: Not Yet the End of the Beginning. Pediatrics, e20174078.

Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), 806-814.

Reilly, J. J., & Kelly, J. (2011). Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: systematic review. International journal of obesity, 35(7), 891.
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1

PICOT STATEMENT 5

PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity

P-I-C-O-T Statement

P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)

I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise

C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention

O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight

T – A year’s time limit

PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity

Introduction

Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.

PICOT Statement

Population

In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.

Intervention

Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative intervention, especially in schools (Reilly, 2006). Such interventions involve making changes on the school curriculum by introducing and improving physical education, changing school meal provisions, and reducing the television viewing hours. Schools should also engage in promotional campaigns that encourage walking form home to school (Ickes, McMullen, Haider & Sharma, 2014). This intervention has been successful in most cases involving girls in the sense that the risks of becoming obese are significantly lowered. Treatment interventions should be limited to motivated families and communities, in which the child and parents perceive obesity as a problem. From a theoretical perspective, treatments should be continued for longer periods such as months to years. Diets should be modified, especially with the use of regimen such as traffic light diet. Television viewing habits should also be reduced (Ickes et al. 2014). Furthermore, treatment should be aimed at encouraging families to self-monitor their lifestyle. Finally, more time should be offered for consulting with family members.

Comparison

Being a member of a multidisciplinary team, the nurse practitioner performs the task of offering standardized care and advocacy support for healthy community environments. In addition, the nurse helps to ensures that there is proper coverage, access to, and incentives for regular obesity prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment (Vine et al. 2013). There is also need to promote active living and healthy eating at work. Finally, focus should be on promoting healthy living during weight gain. There is also need to expand the role of health care providers, in childhood obesity prevention.

Outcome

When a nurse is involved as one of the primary members in the multidisciplinary team approach, the child should be guaranteed of better continuity of care. The outcomes of interventions should include reduced obesity risks and curriculum adjustments for sustainable change to make it cost-effective (Ross et al. 2010). The curriculum modifications should be generalizable. One of the leading causes of failure of previous interventions is that they targeted modifications at the micro levels. This means that targeting individual children, families, or schools make it harder to have positive outcomes or impacts on the many other influences on weight status that affect the environment at the macro levels. Obesity control efforts that are successful should require a more macro-environmental strategy in addition to the micro level behavioral adjustments.

Time

Obesity treatment and management should be a process that takes months to years. This is because the focus should not just be on the individual level, but also on the general behavioral patterns of a person’s family, friends, and society at large (Ross et al. 2010). Therefore, interventions should be multidisciplinary and aim at changing the behavior of the patient by promoting long term positive outcomes. Precautions to monitor blood pressure can be done every two weeks or on a monthly basis. Medications such as sibutramine can be utilized for periods of up to one year. However, its use should be discontinued in patients whose weight loss stabilizes at less than five percent of their initial body weight.

Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT ESSAY

References

Cheung, P. C., Cunningham, S. A., Narayan, K. V., & Kramer, M. R. (2016). Childhood obesity

incidence in the United States: a systematic review. Childhood Obesity, 12(1), 1-11.

Ickes, M. J., McMullen, J., Haider, T., & Sharma, M. (2014). Global school-based childhood

obesity interventions: a review. International journal of environmental research and

public health, 11(9), 8940-8961.

McGrath, S. M. (2017). Childhood Obesity Comorbitities Awareness Hospital-based Education

(Doctoral Dissertation), Walden University, Minneapolis, Washington.

Reilly, J. J. (2006). Obesity in childhood and adolescence: evidence based clinical and public

health perspectives. Postgraduate medical journal, 82(969), 429-437.

Ross, M. M., Kolbash, S., Cohen, G. M., & Skelton, J. A. (2010). Multidisciplinary treatment of

pediatric obesity: nutrition evaluation and management. Nutrition in Clinical

Practice, 25(4), 327-334.

Vine, M., Hargreaves, M. B., Briefel, R. R., & Orfield, C. (2013). Expanding the role of primary

care in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity: a review of clinic-and

community-based recommendations and interventions. Journal of obesity, 2013.