C228: Task 2 – Community Outbreak Measles

C228: Task 2 – Community Outbreak Measles

C228: Task 2 – Community Outbreak Measles

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C228 Task 2 Community Outbreak
C228 task 2 Measles
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Community Health C228 Task 2
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Western Governors University
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C228: TASK 2

C228: Task 2 – Community Outbreak Measles Kerry Petek Western Governors University 02/22/

Communicable Disease

Measles, also known as Rubeola, is a highly contagious virus that tends to cause compli- cations within most of the population. Children younger than 5 years old, adults over the age of 20, pregnant woman, and people with a already compromised immune system are at high risk of suffering with complications (Measles complications, 2020). These complications can include a rash, high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes; this only includes the symptoms that show first, it worsens to Koplik spots (white dots on the tongue) and a rash covering most of the body a few days after the virus has progressed (Measles signs and symptoms, 2020). Description of Outbreak Measles has mostly been eradicated due to vaccination. In 2019, there was a high occur- rence of measles in the United States, the highest recorded number since 1992. There was 1, cases reported within 31 states between January 2019 and October 2019, it pertained mostly to unvaccinated/under-vaccinated individuals. New York had a large measles outbreak that began in October of 2018, the measles were unfortunately brought back from other countries by travelers who were unvaccinated. The largest community that was affected was the Orthodox Jewish peo- ple, they had 934 cases, which was 75% of the 2019 cases (National Update on Measles Cases and Outbreaks, 2019). Since the measles has been eliminated from the U., this outbreak almost made the U. lose their status. The U. has been measles free due increased immunity and having outbreak control measures in place. The New York City and state outbreak lasted almost 2 years because of decreased vaccination acceptance, high population, and repeated importation of measles from unvaccinated people traveling internationally and visiting affected communities. Vigilance is im- portant in communities such as NYC/NYS.

baby, in the worst case scenario, measles can lead to death (Measles cases and outbreaks, 2020). The measles have seasonal variations where they usually survive in late winter and early spring here in the U. and places alike, but in the tropics they tend to have outbreaks during rainy sea- sons which are irregular (Yang, 2014). The best way to prevent a measles outbreak, such as the one in New York, would be vaccination. If there is an outbreak, the best way to prevent the spread is to isolate/quarantine. The epidemiological determinants for the measles highly depends on the health and wellness of an individual, the time of year, and where you live. Route of Transmission Since the transmission only occurs by being airborne or droplet, such as a sneeze, cough, touching of contaminated surfaces, or the virus maintains airborne space, that is the only way someone would get infected. For instance, if an infected human sneezed into their hand and touched a doorknob, then you come along and touched the doorknob and rubbed your eyes, you would now have a high chance of becoming infected (Transmission of measles, 2020). The route of transmission for this specific outbreak in 2019 would be exactly like stated above, since measles only travels by droplet and airborne transmission. Risk Factors People with the highest risk factor are children younger than 5 years old, adults over the age of 20, pregnant woman, and people with a already compromised immune system (Measles complications, 2020). Impact on the Community Measles outbreaks can cause significant amount of damage on a community. Some of that damage on a community could be physical and mental. Our community would be impacted in more ways than we could imagine, some of that impact may include; loss in wages if a family

becomes ill or exposed; school being closed or missed; local governmental strain; decreased business and revenue for the community; emotional toll on affected people who must quarantine or become isolated for their own protection; increased need for PPE such as gloves, gowns, masks, and other needed supplies. Reporting Protocol If hypothetically there were a measles outbreak here in my community, our state would have to report both probable and confirmed cases to the CDC and NNDSS (National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System). The best thing we could do as a community in response to the outbreak would be to recognize it, report it, and investigate. Early detection can prevent the spread of the virus, and with a public health response of vaccination and proper quarantine can prevent a large outbreak (Measles, 2020). If we do none of these responses, there could be fatali- ties for people who are not properly vaccinated or have compromised immune systems. Local, state, and territorial public health agencies must use NORS to report outbreaks to the CDC. The information gathered by NORS would be: 1. People are exposed to the pathogen 2. Individuals get sick and seek treatment 3. Health department is then notified of a possible outbreak 4. Health department investigates outbreak 5. Health department presents outbreak to NORS 6. CDC verifies data for accuracy 7. Data is summarized and published publicly (NORS dashboard Basics, 2019). Prevention Strategies

References Measles. (2020, November 05). Retrieved from cdc/measles/stats-surv.html

Measles complications. (2020, November 05). Retrieved from cdc/measles/symptoms/complications.html

Measles – global situation. (2020, February 05). Retrieved from who/csr/don/26- november-2019-measles-global_situation/en/

Measles signs and symptoms. (2020, November 05). Retrieved from cdc/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html

National Update on Measles Cases and Outbreaks – United States January 1-October 1, 2019. (2019, October 10). Retrieved from cdc/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6840e2.htm?s_cid=mm6840e2_w

NORS dashboard Basics. (2019, November 04). Retrieved from cdc/nors/data/faq-basics.html

Stephanie Soucheray | News Reporter | CIDRAP News | Aug 12, 2. (2019, August 12). Global measles OUTBREAKS MAKE 2019 a record-setting year. Retrieved from https://www.- cidrap.umn/news-perspective/2019/08/global-measles-outbreaks-make-2019-record- setting-year

Transmission of measles. (2020, November 05). Retrieved from cdc/measles/transmission.html

Vaccine for measles (mmr shot). (2020, November 05). Retrieved from cdc/measles/vaccination.html

Yang, Q., Fu, C., Dong, Z., Hu, W., & Wang, M. (2014). The effects of weather conditions ON measles incidence in Guangzhou, Southern China. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih/pmc/articles/PMC4896574/


C228: TASK 2

C228: Task 2 – Community Outbreak Measles
Kerry Petek
Western Governors University
02/22/2021
Communicable Disease
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