C228 Task 2 Community Outbreak

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C228 Task 2 Community Outbreak
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Community Health (C228 Task 2)
174 Documents
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Western Governors University
Academic year: 2019/2020
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lisa goodsell
Western Governors University

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Running head: COMMUNITY OUTBREAK 1

C228 Task 2: Community Outbreak Lisa J. Goodsell Western Governors University

International Outbreak A: Outbreak : Zika Virus B. International Outbreak Descriptions  Zika Virus : A viral infection that is spread by Aedes species mosquitos. These types of mosquitos bit during the day and night. The virus can also spread from mother to fetus during pregnancy and cause birth defects and microencephaly. The Zika virus is also spread through bodily fluids and possible blood transfusions (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).  Countries Involved: According the World Health Organization (WHO) the Zika Virus infected 84 countries (2017). Brazil was the first epidemic reported outbreak of the virus. The countries that were mostly affected were of a tropical climate where mosquitos are more abundant. The Caribbean’s, Africa, Asia, Mexico, Central and South America and the Pacific Islands had some of the highest reported cases, but the Unites States did not escape the Zika Virus and had many cases itself (World Health Organization, 2019).  Date of Outbreak : The virus was first discovered in 1947 in Zika Forest in Uganda and that is how it received its name. Then in 1952 the first human case was reported, and then small outbreaks occurred in Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands. Pakistan, Malaysia, and Indonesia all had reported cases in 1977 to 1978. It is believed that Zika outbreaks occurred in many locations before 2007 but because the symptoms are related to many other diseases they were probably looked over and not reported. A major epidemic occurred in 2007 in Micronesia and Yap Island and then it spread to Polynesia, the Cook Islands, Polynesia, New Caledonia, and the Easter Island. Then in April of 2015 the first confirmed cases of the Zika Virus were confirmed in Brazil with approximately 500

having sexual intercourse will also help stop the spread of the virus. The Zika Virus has flu like symptoms that occur up to two weeks of coming in contact with the virus. Symptoms are fever, rash, headache, joint pain, conjunctivitis and muscle pain and will last from several days to a week. People rarely even have to go to the hospital and even less die, therefore, many people do not even know they have the disease. The more serious complications of the Zika Virus are Guillain-Barre Syndrome and swelling of the brain and central nervous system. The virus is either detected by a urine sample or blood sample and if one has been exposed to the virus, they are likely protected form future infections (Central of Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). B2. Route of Transmission The Zika Virus is spread in two different modes 1) vector and 2) non-vector, and in three different ways 1) mosquito bites, 2) maternal-fetal, and 3) bodily fluids. The first is a vector mode which are by mosquito bites. This is the most common way and the virus is usually spread by the Aedes species of mosquitos. Mosquitos are most commonly found around/in standing water and become infected after feeding on a person or monkey who has been infected with the virus. The mosquito the enjoys another tasty human and transmits the virus to them. The second is a non-vector mode and is transmitted via maternal-fetal which is the mother passing the virus to her unborn child. This results in birth defects, some of which are severe, such as microcephaly and neurological defects in the babies. It is unknown at what rate this is happens, so a female who is pregnant or wishes to get pregnant needs to be in contact with her obstetrician for follow up (World Health Organization, 2019). The final mode is also non-vector and is transmitted through bodily fluids. This is done through urine, blood, semen, breastmilk, and saliva. It is also unknown at what rate this happens,

so using condoms during sex, and talking to one’s doctor would be the best benefit for dealing with the spread of the virus in these ways (World Health Organization, 2019). B3. Impact in My Community The Zika Virus could have a great impact in the community I live in. There are many bodies of water in Idaho and therefore many mosquitoes. People in Idaho love their outdoors, so mosquito bites are a commonplace in the area I live in. If a person travelled from a Zika infested are back to Idaho, then this could cause multiple people to come down with the virus. With the virus being a two-week incubation period then people will be out about doing their daily activities and not even know they had been infected, and with daily activities that include running, biking, hiking, fishing, camping, and much more then their chances of getting more mosquito bites are pretty high. It would be hard to isolate and contain the infected people before it transmitted to many others. If the community came down with an outbreak of the Zika Virus then it could cause strain on the school systems and multiple teachers and students are out for being sick, strain on hospitals as we do not have large communities in Idaho, therefore the hospitals are small. It would cause strain on families as it could cause birth defects in the fetus’s and cause emotional trauma. An outbreak of the Zika Virus could cause negative effects in my community that could last years. As we are a society that lives outdoors it would have an emotional, financial and physical effects on many people as others would fear going outdoors because they may be bitten by an infected mosquito. B4. Reporting Protocol Idaho has over 70 communicable diseases that must be reported under the Idaho Code, some have to be reported immediately while others you have three days to report. Persons who are required to report are physicians, hospital or health care facility administrators, laboratory

References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, May 21). Symptoms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. cdc/zika/symptoms/symptoms.html. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, February 11). Zika Travel Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. wwwnc.cdc/travel/page/zika- information. Central District Health. (2020). Idaho Reportable Diseases / Procedures. Central District Health. cdhd.idaho/dac-healthprofessionals-idahoreportablediseases.php. World Health Organization. (2017, April 19). Zika virus and complications: 2016 Public Health Emergency of International Concern. World Health Organization. who/emergencies/zika-virus-tmp/en/. Zika Virus Net. (2020). History of Zika virus. zikavirusnet/history-of-zika.html.
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Running head: COMMUNITY OUTBREAK 1

C228 Task 2: Community Outbreak
Lisa J. Goodsell
Western Governors University

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