Case Study: Mrs. J. essay

Case Study: Mrs. J.

Case Study: Mrs. J. essay

            Normally, registered nurses are expected to showcase a deep understanding of the wide range of illnesses in patients in the normal clinical environment. This is very important especially due to the fact that nurses are seen to fight and demand high-quality care for the wide range of the population. In the following case, the registered nurse in advanced practice must have the capability of identifying the various signs and symptoms, explain the pathophysiological process of the disease and also implementing the most effective treatment for the improved quality of life. The following critical essay analyses the case study of Mrs. J. and the evaluation of the intervention of nurses, identifying the clinical manifestations, description of conditions of cardiovascular and the provision of patient insights to reduce the number of readmissions in hospital.

Mrs. J Clinical Manifestations

            Clinical manifestations represent various signs and symptoms which show the perceptions of patients and or professional assessments (Doenges, Moorhouse & Murr, 2016). The patient in the case study is showing a wide range of signs and symptoms of heart failure, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The hypertension symptoms present include labored breathing, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat. The clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure included coughing blood-tinged sputum, decreased breath, and irregular heartbeat. Further, the signs and symptoms of obstructive pulmonary disease include fatigue, irregular heartbeat, inability to undertake normal routine tasks, pulmonary crackles, and also and identified extra heart sound.

Nurses interventions evaluation

            It appears to have been very important to have taken the labored breathing of the patient since the manifestations would clearly put her to risk of death and other conditions if not addressed quickly. This means that the delivery of supplemental oxygen, inhaled short-acting bronchodilator, inhaled corticosteroid was a brilliant move by the nurse in charge. This is due to the fact that after these procedures, the functioning of the lungs of the patient was normalized through inhalation and exhalation. Patients with hypertension and chronic heart failure are normally administered with Lasix which aids in avoiding any form of fluid accumulation resulting in the evident manifestations such as fatigue and labored breathing. Also, Metoprolol is used in the reduction of blood pressure among patients with heart failure and hypertension. Enalapril is administered for patients suffering from all the three ailments mentioned above.

Cardiovascular conditions resulting to heart failure and their interventions

            There four major cardiovascular conditions which result in heart failure namely hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, and myocardial infarction (Gholami et al., 2017). In the case study, Mrs. J. had a body mass index of 31.2 which clinically is a diagnosis of obesity. In such a case, the heart of the patient is seen to be working too hard to pump blood through the body. It is recommended that physical exercises be used to help in alleviating the excess fat.

            Hypertension has been seen to cause the accumulation of plaque in the walls of the coronary artery which supply blood to the heart muscles. An extension of this condition will only result in heart failure. Patients who are diagnosed with hypertension are advised to restrain from cigarette use, engage in more physical exercises, and also proper dieting, which helps in the reduction of the probability of heart failure among them. the clotting and blockage of blood which is supplied to the heart are referred to as myocardial infarction. Without prompt medical interventions, heart failure is highly likely to occur among these patients. Regular exercise engagement, healthy weight maintenance, and smoking cessations are some of the preventive measures of heart failure (Onor et al., 2017). Clogged or hardened arteries inhibit blood flow to the heart in coronary artery disease. This is a great factor in heart failure. Generally, heart failure can be prevented by avoiding sedentary lifestyles, avoiding smoking and also having proper management of weight.

Interventions in Nursing to prevent problems associated with multiple drug interaction among older patients

            Some of the factors associated with multiple drug interactions for older people include lack of compliance, poor education, and also minimal support. To prevent such problems that have been seen to originate from this issue, there is need for nursing interventions such as family mobilization, safety surveillance, and educating patients need to be administered (Silva et al., 2015). Educating the patients would ensure that the are fully aware of their prescriptions ensuring maximum compliance. Family mobilization, on the other hand, ensures continued support from the members of the family in the course of the administration of multiple medications. The facilitation of a favorable environment where multiple medications can be administered and risk minimization is high is achieved through safety surveillance.

Teaching Plan for Restoration and Health Promotion

            Normally, a nurse would attend to the various risk factors that are connected to chronic heart failure, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Such include inhibited mobility and breathing difficulties. In the process of rehabilitation, the nurse is normally seen to supply devices such as walking frames and crutches to assist them. it is erroneous to ignore the fact that these devices aid the patient to engage in physical exercises which help in restoring independence and eradicate the risk factors to heart failure. Supply of other devices such as inhalers and supplemental oxygen are quite helpful in lung functioning improvement and getting rid of any form of breathing problems. Therapists in respiration help in administering medication, facilitating routine assessments and airway management as ways of improving the independence of the patient. These therapists can be used to lead teams comprising of assistants and nurses to achieve quality care for the patients.

Ways of Providing Education Geared Towards Prevention of Hospital Readmissions

            The patient in the case study is seen to be elderly and requires continued guidance in medication administration and clinical matters to avoid any adverse situations such as the readmission. While providing patient education, it is very important to engage family members who are close to the patient for the effective understanding of information in regard to medication. Engaging such close members would ensure maximum support in the medication process and also ensure compliance (Silva et al., 2015). Family members are seen to take part in the establishment of various goals which aid in ensuring consistency and relevance. Utilizing the discussions and having role-plays go further in ensuring good understanding of information and the proper reinforcement of the instructions for medication.

Triggers of COPD and the Options for Smoking Cessation

            Both indoor and outdoor factors are seen to trigger COPD exacerbations which further facilitate the readmission of patients (Onor et al., 2017). Triggers which are indoor such as poor ventilation, smoking and inhaling dust particles are seen to cause obstructive pulmonary disease which is associated with increased breathlessness and blockage of airways. Outdoor triggers such as weather conditions, second-hand smoking, and environmental pollution are properties which lower the quality of oxygen which result in lung disease. Options for smoking cessation include therapy for nicotine replacement, engaging in physical activities to act as distractors.

Conclusion

            It is expected of registered nurses that they should have knowledge associated with pathophysiological processes, identifying clinical manifestations, and implementing effective interventions geared towards the achievement of the desired wellness goals. The main clinical manifestations in the cases study include fatigue, labored breathing, and irregular heartbeat. Example of cardiovascular conditions such as obesity, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and hypertension which lead to heart failure are given. As explained above, some of the causal factors of obstructive pulmonary disease include smoking, extreme weather conditions, inhaling dust particles, poor ventilation, and exposure to second-hand smoking.