Essay: A Middle aged Caucasian man with anxiety

The Assignment

Examine Case Study: A Middle-Aged Caucasian Man With Anxiety. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

Decision #1

Which decision did you select?

Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?

Decision #2

Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?

Decision #3

Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?

Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.
Finally: 1. Complete the decision tree (keep track of what you selected. come up with a rational reason why you chose it. Come up with patient specific rational reason behind not choosing the other two options not chosen).

2. Write paper addressing all section listed based on the decision tree.

Case Study: A Middle-Age Caucasian Man with Anxiety:

BACKGROUND INFORMATION:

The client is a 46-year-old white male who works as a welder at a local steel fabrication factory. He presents today after being referred by his PCP after a trip to the emergency room in which he felt he was having a heart attack. He stated that he felt chest tightness, shortness of breath, and feeling of impending doom. He does have some mild hypertension (which is treated with low sodium diet) and is about 15 lbs. overweight. He had his tonsils removed when he was 8 years old, but his medical history since that time has been unremarkable. Myocardial infarction was ruled out in the ER and his EKG was normal. Remainder of physical exam was WNL.

He admits that he still has problems with tightness in the chest and episodes of shortness of breath- he now terms these “anxiety attacks.” He will also report occasional feelings of impending doom, and the need to “run” or “escape” from wherever he is at.

In your office, he confesses to occasional use of ETOH to combat worries about work. He admits to consuming about 3-4 beers/night. Although he is single, he is attempting to care for aging parents in his home. He reports that the management at his place of employment is harsh, and he fears for his job. You administer the HAM-A, which yields a score of 26.

Client has never been on any type of psychotropic medication.

MENTAL STATUS EXAM:

The client is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. He is appropriately dressed. Speech is clear, coherent, and goal-directed. Client’s self-reported mood is “bleh” and he does endorse feeling “nervous”. Affect is somewhat blunted, but does brighten several times throughout the clinical interview. Affect broad. Client denies visual or auditory hallucinations, no overt delusional or paranoid thought processes readily apparent. Judgment is grossly intact, as is insight. He denies suicidal or homicidal ideation.

The PMHNP administers the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) which yields a score of 26.
Diagnosis: Generalized anxiety disorder

RESOURCES
§ Hamilton, M. (1959). Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Psyctests, doi:10.1037/t02824-0

Decisions Made and Outcomes (Needed to formulate the paper)

Choices for Decision 1: Select what the PMHNP should do:
Begin Zoloft 50 mg po daily
Begin Imipramine 25 mg po BID
Begin Buspirone 10 mg po BID

My decision: I chose to begin Zoloft 50 mg po daily.

Outcome: RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE:
Client returns to clinic in four weeks and informs you that he has no tightness in chest, or shortness of breath. Client states that he noticed decreased worries about work over the past 4 or 5 days. HAM-A score has decreased to 18 (partial response)

Choices for Decision 2: Select what the PMHNP should do:
Increase dose to 75 mg orally daily
Increase dose to 100 mg orally daily
No change in drug/dose at this time

My decision: I chose to increase dose to 75 mg orally daily.

Outcome: RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO:
Client returns to clinic in four weeks and reports an even further reduction in his symptoms.
HAM-A score has now decreased to 10. At this point- continue current dose (61% reduction in symptoms)

Choices for Decision 3: Decision Point Three Select what the PMHNP should do next:
Maintain current dose
Increase current dose of medication to 100 mg orally daily
Add augmentation agent such as BuSpar (buspirone) My decision: I choose to educate client regarding diet/weight loss and continue client on the same drug/dose

Outcome: Guidance to Student

At this point, it may be appropriate to continue client at the current dose. It is clear that the client is having a good response (as evidenced by greater than a 50% reduction in symptoms) and the client is currently not experiencing any side effects, the current dose can be maintained for 12 weeks to evaluate full effect of drug. Increasing drug at this point may yield a further decrease in symptoms, but may also increase the risk of side effects. This is a decision that the PMHNP should discuss with the client. Nothing in the client’s case tells us that we should consider adding an augmentation agent at this point as the client is demonstrating response to the drug. Avoid polypharmacy unless symptoms cannot be managed by a single drug.

***Write on each decision. Make sure that this paper has at least 5 References. Please use in-text citations for each section of each decision. Don’t forget the ethical considerations for this assignment. Make it a section by itself.***

***Also please make sure when looking at the ethical consideration for this assignment that you look at how Zoloft which is a SSRI is used in Caucasian people (males). What considerations does the drugs have with this ethnicity.***

Answer

Decision One

Zoloft 50mg po Daily

Of the three medications (Zoloft 50mg po daily, Imipramine 25 mg po BID and Buspirone 10 mg po DIB),  I chose to begin Zoloft 50 mg daily.

Justification

To start with, Imipramine would be undesirable because it causes daytime drowsiness which would interfere with the patient’s occupation. On the same note, the drug would be detrimental at this level as it is an antidepressant that is used to treat major xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx po BID, on the other hand, was not appropriate because it may take long before the patient begins to feel better and is not alcohol friendly (Calhoun & Tedeschi, 2014).

The action mechanism for Zoloft 50mg characteristically defines the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with the capacity to link with the serotonin xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx balance on the serotonin level (Buszewicz et al., 2017). The treatment normally undergoes a broad first-pass metabolism where the initial pathway of this metabolism is N-demethylation. According to Devane et al. (2016), the drug has a plasma end termination of between 62 and 104 hours which is xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 50mg dosage was chosen based on the weight of the client which would enhance absorptionxxxxxxxxxxxxx medication.

Expectations

First, it was expected that the drug would trigger reduction in panic attacks (Kirkham at al., 2016). On the same note, since the medication also increases the patient’s appetite, additional ………..

Deviation

There was no significant difference between the expected results and the achievement after four weeks of medication. The tightness of the chest and the shortness of breath declined xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx also reported a relative period of declined worries about work in the last one week. Upon evaluation, it was confirmed that HAM-A score had dropped to 18 indicating a partial response to the problem.

Decision Two

Given the positive xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxso far, I chose to increase the daily oral dosage of Zoloft from 50 mg to 75mg.

Justification This action was xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx the recovery period and to improve the HAM-A score. Increasing the dosage to 100mg was unnecessary at this level as this would have resulted to undesirable side xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx the same note…