| Type of Fallacy | Definition | Example(s) |
| Red Herring | Using irrelevant details or information to distract the audience | http://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/01/woman-beater-didnt-kill-90-iraqis.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpmFd25tRqo |
| Straw Man | Setting up a non-existent argument to “defeat” instead of supporting your own opinion | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlm0PQGrBzA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_zlrknofxA |
| Either/Or (False Dichotomy) | Creating a “false choice” between two options when other options exist | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffrU5dvBHfI |
| Appeal to Authority (Misuse of Authority) | Can include “overreliance on authority” (accepting without questioning), using “doubtful authority,” or “misuse of statistics” | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSJVQu3EogU “I know this is a worthwhile movie because the move critic from The New York Times said so.” |
| Weak Analogy | Also called “false or faulty analogy”; creating an unfitting comparison between two things | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8LydU2P7Yw |
| Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc | Also called “false cause”; assuming a causal link between two events because they happen nearly simultaneously | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vv-MwUMvJZ4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wAJtwp9qfk&feature=player_embedded |
| Ad Populum | Also called “bandwagon”; asserting that popular opinion makes something “true,” “right,” etc. | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPV6lFVXH94 “60% of Americans support the bill, so it is clearly Constitutional.” |
| Ad Hominem | Also called “personal attack”; attacking someone’s character or behavior instead of critiquing his or her argument | http://lsatblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/lsat-logic-colbert-report-marijuana.html |
| Circular Reasoning | Supporting a statement be repeating the statement (and thereby not supporting it at all) | “My client is innocent because he did not commit the murder.” “The death penalty is immoral because it is unethical to kill people for a crime.” |
| Slippery Slope | Claiming that one thing will certainly result in other, unrelated things | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIv3m2gMgUU |
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