PHIL316 TEXTBOOK

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Business Ethics, Ninth Edition William H. Shaw

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Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

WCN: 02-200-208

iii

PR EFACE viii

Pa r t O n e | M O r a l P h i l O s O P h y a n d B u s i n e s s 1

c h a p t e r 1 t h e n a t u r e o f M o r a l i t y 1 Ethics 3 Moral versus Nonmoral Standards 5 Religion and Morality 11 Ethical Relativism 13 Having Moral Principles 15 Morality and Personal Values 19 Individual Integrity and Responsibility 20 Moral Reasoning 24 Study Corner 31 Case 1.1: Made in the U.S.A.—Dumped in Brazil, Africa, Iraq . . . 32 Case 1.2: Loose Money 35 Case 1.3: Just Drop off the Key, Lee 36 Case 1.4: The A7D Affair 39

c h a p t e r 2 n o r M a t i v e t h e o r i e s o f e t h i c s 4 3 Consequentialist and Nonconsequentialist Theories 45 Egoism 46 Utilitarianism 49 Kant’s Ethics 56 Other Nonconsequentialist Perspectives 62 Utilitarianism Once More 68 Moral Decision Making: A Practical Approach 70 Study Corner 73 Case 2.1: Hacking into Harvard 74 Case 2.2: The Ford Pinto 77 Case 2.3: Blood for Sale 80

c o n t e n t s

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iv Contents

c h a p t e r 3 J u s t i c e a n d e c o n o M i c d i s t r i B u t i o n 8 3 The Nature of Justice 86 The Utilitarian View 89 The Libertarian Approach 93 Rawls’s Theory of Justice 100 Study Corner 109 Case 3.1: Eminent Domain 110 Case 3.2: Battling over Bottled Water 112 Case 3.3: Poverty in America 114

Pa r t t w O | a M e r i c a n B u s i n e s s a n d i t s B a s i s 117

c h a p t e r 4 t h e n a t u r e o f c a p i t a l i s M 117 Capitalism 119 Key Features of Capitalism 122 Two Arguments for Capitalism 124 Criticisms of Capitalism 128 Today’s Economic Challenges 136 Study Corner 142 Case 4.1: Catastrophe in Bangladesh 143 Case 4.2: Licensing and Laissez Faire 145 Case 4.3: One Nation under Walmart 148 Case 4.4: A New Work Ethic? 151 Case 4.5: Casino Gambling on Wall Street 152 Case 4.6: Paying College Athletes 154

c h a p t e r 5 c o r p o r a t i o n s 15 6 The Limited-Liability Company 158 Corporate Moral Agency 160 Rival Views of Corporate Responsibility 164 Debating Corporate Responsibility 171 Institutionalizing Ethics within Corporations 176 Study Corner 183 Case 5.1: Yahoo in China 184 Case 5.2: Drug Dilemmas 186 Case 5.3: Free Speech or False Advertising? 189 Case 5.4: Corporations and Religious Faith 191 Case 5.5: Charity to Scouts? 193 Case 5.6: Corporate Taxation 195

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Contents v

Pa r t t h r e e | B u s i n e s s a n d s O c i e t y 19 7

c h a p t e r 6 c o n s u M e r s 19 7 Product Safety 199 Other Areas of Business Responsibility 211 Deception and Unfairness in Advertising 220 The Debate over Advertising 230 Study Corner 234 Case 6.1: Breast Implants 235 Case 6.2: Hot Coffee at McDonald’s 237 Case 6.3: Sniffing Glue Could Snuff Profits 239 Case 6.4: Closing the Deal 240 Case 6.5: The Rise and Fall of Four Loko 243

c h a p t e r 7 t h e e n v i r o n M e n t 2 4 5 Business and Ecology 249 The Ethics of Environmental Protection 252 Achieving Our Environmental Goals 258 Delving Deeper into Environmental Ethics 263 Study Corner 271 Case 7.1: Hazardous Homes in Herculaneum 272 Case 7.2: Poverty and Pollution 275 Case 7.3: The Fordasaurus 277 Case 7.4: The Fight over the Redwoods 279 Case 7.5: Palm Oil and Its Problems 282

Pa r t f O u r | t h e O r G a n i Z a t i O n a n d t h e P e O P l e i n i t 2 8 4

c h a p t e r 8 t h e W o r k p l a c e ( 1 ) : B a s i c i s s u e s 2 8 4 Civil Liberties in the Workplace 285 Hiring 291 Promotions 297 Discipline and Discharge 299 Wages 303 Labor Unions 307 Study Corner 316 Case 8.1: AIDS in the Workplace 317 Case 8.2: Web Porn at Work 319

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Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

vi Contents