PSY560 SNHU Positive Psychology and Learned Helplessness Project

PSY560 SNHU Positive Psychology and Learned Helplessness Project

PSY560 SNHU Positive Psychology and Learned Helplessness Project Instructions

This journal reflection will be an evaluation of a peer-reviewed research study that you select related to the final project. Your reflection should include an evaluation of the study’s validity. Next, examine the contemporary relevance of the research.

MY FINAL PROJECT IS ON: Martin Seligman: Positive Psychology and Learned Helplessness

Please see the attached document titled milestone one to use as a reference to writing this journal. Also, please see the attached document titled project theorist and use only the resources for my selected theorist (Martin Seligman: Positive Psychology and Learned Helplessness)

Include the following in your reflection:

Summary of the article: Describe the basic premise of the article and identify the research method used in the study.
Reflect on the author’s position statement.
Identify the author’s position statement.
Consider the strength of the position statement.
Discuss any revisions you would make to the position statement to make it stronger.
Examine the validity of the study. Consider how accurately the research measures what it claims to measure.
Describe the contemporary relevance of the research and how it can be applied today.

To help format your assignment, use the provided Module Four Journal Template .

For additional details, please refer to the Module Four Journal Guidelines and Rubric document. 1
Add: Theorist Name or Theory Name
Add: Your First and Last Name
Add: Date Paper Is Due in APA format
NOTES: Delete all notes and italics from your paper before submitting it to the classroom.
1. Use APA format for all parts of the paper: margins, line spacing, paragraph spacing,
headings, text justification, font type, size, color, etc. See the APA manual for specifics.
2. Do not include an abstract or an author’s note. The assignments do not ask for this.
3. Do not include the questions or the assignment instructions in your papers.
4. Use correct grammar, punctuation, and capitalization. Do a spell check. Use formal APA
tone in your writing.
5. Do not include direct quotes. Explain everything in your own words only. Do not use
lists. Do not ask questions. Write in complete sentences and full paragraphs.
6. Do not use slang, anthropomorphism, or gendered language. Do not use personal
pronouns. Do not refer to yourself in the paper. Do not say: I, me, my, the writer,
researcher, author, etc.
2
Summary of Article
NOTES: Carefully read both the assignment instructions AND the grading rubric for this
assignment so you will know specifically what to include in each of the required sections.
Author’s Position Statement
Validity of the Research
Contemporary Relevance
3
References
NOTES: Delete all notes and italics from your paper before submitting it to the classroom.
–
–
References must be in alphabetical order. The list of references must be on a separate
page.
Use the 6th edition of the APA manual to format the references. References must be
double spaced and use a hanging indent.
Use only black 12-point Times Roman font, double-spaced, with hanging indents, and
one-inch margins all around. Do not change the font color and do not underline.
In the retrieval information do not include the database. Do not include the retrieval date.
Include the DOI if the article has it.
If you include the “Retrieved from” information give only give the shortest, most direct
link to the actual article. Only include the DIRECT URL to the article.
Use only primary sources for your references. Ask the library for assistance in locating
recent primary sources for your papers.
References must all be primary sources: scholarly, professional, academic, peer reviewed
journal articles. Other sources are not acceptable for academic research and referencing,
and are NOT to be used for this class, such as: Magazines, newspapers, encyclopedias,
dictionaries, Wikipedia, other wikis, blogs, non-scholarly websites or any non-scientific
sources that do not provide quality researched materials (any source that does not use
credible sources to support the information in the document).
For every reference in your list of references your paper also must include the
corresponding in-text citations. Make sure all citations correspond with the references,
and vice versa.
a) All references must be cited.
b) All citations must be referenced.
Format for Books
Lastname, F. I. (year). Book title (edition). Place of Publication: Publishing Company.
Example
Carl, J. (2011). Think Sociology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Format for Scholarly Journal Articles
Lastname, F. I. (year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(issue), pages. doi: xxxxxxx.
Example
Roehl, B. Q. (1999). The rhetoric of composition: Convincing others. Journal of Composition
Studies, 36(2), 132-144. doi: 190299.jocs.
Running Head: MARTIN SELIGMAN
1
Martin Seligman
Sharaya Janes
Southern New Hampshire University
PSY 560
November 15, 2019
MARTIN SELIGMAN
2
Martin Seligman
Principle background ideas as relevant biographical information
Martin Seligman is a psychologist who was born in 1942 and is known as the father and
the leading researcher in the field of psychology. Currently, he is the Zellerbach Family
professor of psychology and the director of the positive psychology center.
Historical events that influenced the theorist
The theorist was influenced by various issues like his writings on; the optimistic child,
abnormal psychology, authentic happiness, and learned optimism. The event that contributed
significantly to his theory is the topic of learned helplessness. Another event is his desire and
efforts to explore human potential scientifically (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). The
theory is established on three central concerns that might have led the theorist to engage in
understanding the theory which are positive experiences, positive individual traits, and positive
institutions.
Key concepts of the theory
The theory of positive psychology is based on various topics such as character strengths,
optimism, life satisfaction, well-being, happiness, compassion, self-esteem, gratitude, hope, and
self-confidence. The principles that make up the theory are positive emotions, engagement,
positive relationships, meaning and accomplishment (Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson, 2005).
Trying to understand positive emotions leads to the study of contentment with the past, being
happy with the present and having hope for the future.
MARTIN SELIGMAN
3
Formulate ideas on how theory is used today
Positive psychology currently helps people to understand what gives our lives meaning
and purpose. It helps people to live within the virtues that enable individuals and communities to
succeed. People can use their strengths and positive traits to get the motivation needed to apply
their positive strengths and contribute to society. People can use this theory to stay positive even
in a society that is faced with negativity. Therefore, positive psychology is useful in our daily
living.
MARTIN SELIGMAN
4
References
Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction. In Flow
and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 279-298). Springer, Dordrecht.
Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress:
empirical validation of interventions. American psychologist, 60(5), 410.
PSY 560 Module Four Journal Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: Journals are private between the student and the instructor. Approach these activities as (a) an opportunity to reflect upon and apply what you learn
each week based on the assigned readings, discussions, and activities, and (b) an opportunity to share your knowledge and expertise based on your educational
and professional experiences in the past. As a successful professional, you will need good reflective and writing skills. Journal activities offer you the opportunity
to further develop these skills.
For this assignment, select a peer-reviewed research article related to your final project and identify the author’s position statement. Your reflection should
include an evaluation of the study’s validity. Specifically, validity means whether the study measures what it claims to measure. Next, examine the contemporary
relevance of the research. Considering the validity and contemporary relevance is a critical step when evaluating research in personality psychology.
Prompt: This journal reflection will be an evaluation of a peer-reviewed research study you select related to the final project. Provide a brief summary of the
article and identify the author’s position statement. Next, reflect on the validity of the study and review the contemporary relevance of the research.
Include the following in your reflection:




Summary of the article: Describe the basic premise of the article and identify the research method that was used in the study.
Reflect on the author’s position statement.
o Identify the author’s position statement.
o Consider the strength of the position statement.
o Discuss any revisions you would make to the position statement to make it stronger.
Examine the validity of the study. Consider how accurately the research measures what it claims to measure.
Describe the contemporary relevance of the research and how it can be applied today.
Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Your journal assignment should be 4 to 5 paragraphs in length and any sources used should be cited in APA format. Submit the
assignment as a Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins.
Critical Elements
Summary of Article
Author’s Position
Statement
Proficient (100%)
Describes the basic premise of the article and
the research method used in the study
Identifies the author’s position statement,
considers the strength of the position
statement, and discusses what would
strengthen the author’s position
Needs Improvement (80%)
Describes the basic premise of the article and
the research method used in the study, but
summary lacks clarity
Identifies the author’s position statement but
does not consider the strength of the position
statement or discuss what would strengthen
the author’s position
Not Evident (0%)
Does not describe the basic premise of the
article and the research method used in the
study
Does not identify the author’s position
statement and what would strengthen the
author’s position
Value
20
25
Validity of the
Research
Examines the validity of the research
Contemporary
Relevance
Describes the contemporary relevance of the
research and how it can be applied today
Articulation of
Response
Journal is mostly free of errors of
organization and grammar; errors are
marginal and rarely interrupt the flow
Examines the validity of the research, but
does not explain how the research is
measuring what it claims to measure
Describes the contemporary relevance of the
research and how it can be applied today, but
description lacks clarity
Journal contains errors of organization and
grammar, but errors are limited enough so
that journal can be understood
Does not examine the validity of the research
22.5
Does not describe the contemporary
relevance of the research and how it can be
applied today
Journal contains errors of organization and
grammar making the journal difficult to
understand
Total
22.5
10
100%
PSY 560 Final Project Theorists
Below are the approved theorist selections for your final project. There are primary sources for all theorists in the Shapiro Library. Some of these resources are
provided. Continue to research your theorist in the library to find more information for your final project.
Theorist
Erich Fromm:
Existential Theory
Primary Sources (most are from the Shapiro Library)
An article that addresses validity of one aspect of his theory:
Pendse, S. G. (1978). An empirical validity test of Fromm’s personality orientations theory. Journal of General
Psychology, 99(1), 133–139.
Fromm, E. (2013). Escape from freedom. New York, NY: Open Road Integrated Media.
Fromm, E. (1944). Individual and social origins of neurosis. American Sociological Review, 9(4), 380–384.
An essay by Fromm on his influences:
Veronica Benet‐Martínez:
Bicultural Identity
Integration
Fromm, E. (2000). Autobiographical sidelights. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 9(3/4), 251–253.
An overview article that also delves into some validity issues:
Benet‐Martínez, V., & Haritatos, J. (2005). Bicultural identity integration (BII): Components and psychosocial
antecedents. Journal of Personality, 73(4), 1015–1050.
A book chapter that provides a comprehensive overview:
Huynh, Q., Nguyen, A. D., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2011). Bicultural identity integration. In S. J. Schwartz et al.
(Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 827–842). Berlin, Germany: Springer Science.
Benet-Martínez, V., Lee, F., & Leu, J. (2006). Biculturalism and cognitive complexity: Expertise in cultural
representations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(4), 386–407.
Julian B. Rotter:
Social Learning Including
Locus of Control
Rotter, J. B., Fitzgerald, B. J., & Joyce, J. N. (1954). A comparison of some objective measures of expectancy. The
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49(1), 111–114.
Rotter, J. B. (1960). Some implications of a social learning theory for the prediction of goal directed behavior
from testing procedures. Psychological Review, 67(5), 301–316.
Rotter, J. B. (1990). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A case history of a variable. American
Psychologist, 45(4), 489–493.
Sue, D. W. (1978). Eliminating cultural oppression in counseling: Toward a general theory. Journal of Counseling
Psychology, 25(5), 419–428.
Martin Seligman:
Positive Psychology and
Learned Helplessness
The University of Pennsylvania Positive Psychology Center
This site allows you to locate comprehensive lists of published research on all aspects of positive psychology. If
you click on the research tab at the top of the page and follow through all the subpages, you will find articles on
nearly every aspect of positive psychology and learned helplessness.
Learned Helplessness Articles:
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: General, 105(1), 3–46.
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and
reformation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87(1), 49–74.
Positive Psychology Articles:
Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist,
55(1), 5–14.
Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation
of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421.
Sydney Blatt:
Two-Polarities Model
(May be of interest to those
who want to explore
attachment theory)
Blatt, S. J., & Levy, K. N. (2003). Attachment theory, psychoanalysis, personality development, and
psychopathology. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23(1), 102–150.
Blatt, S. J., Auerbach, J. S., & Levy, K. N. (1997). Mental representations in personality development,
psychopathology, and the therapeutic process. Review of General Psychology, 1(4), 351–374.
Luyten, P., & Blatt, S. J. (2013). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition in normal and disrupted personality
development: Retrospect and prospect. American Psychologist, 68(3), 172–183.
Guisinger, S., & Blatt, S. J. (1994). Individuality and relatedness: Evolution of a fundamental dialectic. American
Psychologist, 49(2), 104–111.
David Buss:
Evolutionary Psychology
There are a number of readily available journal articles. Here is one article specifically related to personality:
Buss, D. M. (2009). How can evolutionary psychology successfully explain personality and individual differences?
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(4), 359–366.
Buss, D. M. (1991). Evolutionary personality psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 42(1), 459–491.
Buss, D. M. (1995). Evolutionary psychology: A new paradigm for psychological science. Psychological Inquiry,
6(1), 1–30.
Confer, J. C., Easton, J. A., Fleischman, D. S., Goetz, C. D., Lewis, D. M., Perilloux, C., & Buss, D. M. (2010).
Evolutionary psychology: Controversies, questions, prospects, and limitations. American Psychologist,
65(2), 110–126.
Robert Neimeyer:
An Extension of Personal
Construct Theory
Neimeyer focuses on
constructs within
relationships—if you choose
Neimeyer, you might also
incorporate some of the
work of George Kelly on
personal construct theory.
This is an overview article on constructivist psychotherapies:
Neimeyer, R. A. (1993). An appraisal of constructivist psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 61(2), 221–234.
Neimeyer, G. J., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1985). Relational trajectories: A personal construct contribution. Journal of
Social and Personal Relationships, 2(3), 325–349.
Theodore Millon uses an
Millon, T., & Grossman, S. D. (2006). Millon’s evolutionary model for unifying the study of normal and abnormal
evolutionary approach to
personality. In S. Strack (Ed.), Differentiating normal and abnormal personality (2nd ed.) (pp. 3–49). New
understanding personality
York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
development and personality
disorders; there are a
number of other important
constructs in this theory
beyond evolutionary ideas.
Walter Mischel and Yuichi
Shoda:
Cognitive Affective
Personality System
Also sometimes called
Cognitive Affective
Processing System—aiming
for a unified theory of
personality
Karen Horney:
Neo-Freudian and Feminist
Psychology
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing
situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102(2),
246–268.
Shoda, Y., LeeTiernan, S., & Mischel, W. (2002). Personality as a dynamical system: Emergence of stability and
distinctiveness from intra- and interpersonal interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Review,
6(4), 316–325.
Horney, K. (1999). The therapeutic process: Essays and lectures. B. J. Paris (Ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press.
Otto Kernberg:
Object Relations Theory
Model of levels of
personality organization—
focus on personality
disorders—three levels of
organization
Kernberg, O. F. (2015). Neurobiological correlates of object relations theory: The relationship between
neurobiological and psychodynamic development. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 24(1), 38–46.
Allan Schore:
Integration of neuroscience
with attachment theory;
affect regulation;
development of self
Schore, A. N. (2000). Parent-infant communication and the neurobiology of emotional development. Paper
presented at the Head Start National Research Conference, Washington, DC.
Kernberg, O.F. (2004). Contemporary controversies in psychoanalytic theory, techniques, and their applications.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Schore, J. R., & Schore, A. N. (2008). Modern attachment theory: The central role of affect regulation in
development and treatment. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36(1), 9–20.
Viktor Frankl:
An Existential Theory
Frankl, V. E. (1967). Logotherapy and existentialism. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 4(3), 138–142.
Rollo May:
Humanism and
Existentialism
May, R. (1958). The origins and significance of the existential movement in psychology. In R. May, E. Angel, & H.
F. Ellenberger (Eds.), Existence: A new dimension in psychiatry and psychology (pp. 3–36). New York, NY,
US: Basic Books.

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PSY560 SNHU Positive Psychology and Learned Helplessness Project