Women’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease, and Hematologic Disorders

Discussion: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease, and Hematologic Disorders

HH has COPD, a chronic progressive and persistent disease that restricts airflow. COPD and pneumonia are often co-morbidities. Pneumonia is the leading cause of hospitalization for COPD and is associated with poor outcomes. Hospital mortality from COPD with community-acquired pneumonia is found to be as high as 12.2% (Bordon et al., 2020). Pulse oximetry in HH improved slightly from 90 to 93 after three days of antibiotic treatment. For most patients, the goal is usually 96%. Combination therapy for COPD may improve the prognosis. Systemic corticosteroids (oral and intravenous) are the gold standard for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Lunenfeld et al., 2015). The value of corticosteroids may be helpful in patients with severe elevations in COPD. However, a comparison of systemic corticosteroids for pneumonia shows conflicting results, while others show no benefit due to increased side effects, especially hyperglycemia

Studies confirm that the combination of a constant dose of inhaled corticosteroids and a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) can significantly reduce the risk of COPD exacerbations in community-acquired pneumonia without systemic abuse. For the treatment of COPD, there are two standard dose inhalation combinations of LABA and ICS, butazone / formoderol (Symbicard) and fluticasone / salmeterol (Seritide). Both combinations have been shown to reduce aggravation and improve quality of life

Patient Needs

In this case, the patient had community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Since the cause cannot be identified, the patient will receive standard antibody therapy. Pneumonia can occur in two ways: in a hospital or the community. Inpatient pneumonia develops in patients in hospitals, while the other one may be acquired by the community. CAP can be caused by many pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Haemophilus influenzae, Nocardia, Staphylococcus aureus, and influenza viruses.

Patient Treatment Plan

To use a particular antibiotic, one of the clients must know the cause of their condition. Second, the patient had nutritional problems with nausea and vomiting. Therefore, the patient should be careful when treating specific CAP-causing medicines and eliminating the symptoms of nausea and vomiting (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020). For further care and treatment, the pathogen must be identified and specific medications given. Because the patient has diabetes, it can be caused by bacteria, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae; thus, specific antibiotics must be used to treat CAP. However, treatment must be individually adjusted to target the causative microorganisms. The causative agents should be identified before planning specific antibiotic therapy (Lunenfeld et al., 2015). Urine antigen assays, sputum Gram staining, and PCR can be used to determine the pathogen. Urine antigen tests can help identify the most appropriate antibiotic to check for the condition. Therefore, until a specific causative agent is identified for the proposed appropriate treatment regimen.

Patient Education Strategies

First, the patient must be well prepared to prevent the disease from spreading. The client’s education strategy involves understanding the risks of spreading the disease (Bordon et al., 2020). Second, if a client has a smoking problem, they should be informed that smoking worsens their condition, and they should quit (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020). As the patient has diabetes, the importance of diabetes control, regular exercise, and proper nutrition should be taught. Finally, the patient should be encouraged to follow a diet rich in zinc and vitamin C to improve his health.